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Vol. 62, no. 4 (Winter 2020)

Contents

Abstracts

Denominal Verbs in Algonquian: Verbs of Acquiring

Philip S. LeSourd
Indiana University

Abstract. This article proposes a lexical analysis of the derivation of denominal verbs of a type found widely in Algonquian languages: verbs of acquiring, which express the process by which the referent of the subject acquires tokens of items of the type named by the nominal on which the verb stem is based. Focusing on data from Ojibwe and Maliseet-Passamaquoddy, I argue against a proposed syntactic analysis of these verbs via noun incorporation, instead developing a lexical alternative; employing the mechanisms of Bochner’s (1993) Lexical Relatedness Morphology this allows us to track connections among lexical formations that follow related but distinct derivational patterns.

Participial Ordinal Numbers in Menominee

Monica Macaulay
University of Wisconsin-Madison

Abstract. This article describes a previously unknown set of ordinal numbers in Menominee, originally recorded in the mid-nineteenth century by the missionary Antoine-Marie Gachet. The numbers are complex, and follow two broad (but related) patterns. Both appear to be participial forms of verbs of quantity, functioning as headless relative clauses. The article provides an analysis of all elements of the ordinal numbers, and because one of the goals of the article is to contribute to Menominee language revitalization, suggests reconstructions for the missing forms.

The Linguistic Expression of Quality in Tongan: Evidence for Radiality

Giovanni Bennardo
Northern Illinois University

Abstract. Cultural Model Theory is applied to the domain of quality in Tongan. Adjectives used by speakers to characterize particular nouns in free-listing tasks were compared with the set of words labeled as adjectives in Churchward’s dictionary (an approximation to the total set of quality lexemes available to Tongan speakers); the free-listing results showed a greater incidence of adjectives denoting primary (intrinsic) qualities over secondary qualities (involving relations between qualified entity and ego). Hence, the cultural model of radiality, involving a focus on other-than-ego, proposed for other cognitive domains in Tongan likely operates also in the domain of quality.

Urban Pidgin and Bedouin L2 in the Hijaz: A Depidginization Continuum?

Muhammad Zafer Alhazmi
Islamic University of Medina

Abstract. Two different types of migrant laborers’ language in Medina Province, Saudi Arabia, are described, based on fieldwork in urban and rural areas. First, three aspects of grammar are compared in the language of urban and rural laborers; then, general and dialectal Arabic characteristics among rural speakers are examined. The language of the urban population conforms broadly to Arabian peninsular pidgins, while that of rural migrant speakers approximate to normative Hijazi Bedouin Arabic. This study is among the first to document the Arabic of two distinctive populations of migrant workers in the Arabian Peninsula.

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